In the field of scientific research, considerable efforts are currently being invested to determine the most effective recycling pathway for batteries.

Numerous research institutions, established enterprises, and emerging startups are collectively addressing two crucial questions:

• Which process achieves the highest recycling rate?
• And which process boasts the highest level of energy efficiency?

The conclusive answer to these inquiries is yet to be determined. Additionally, ensuring the resilience of the process to accommodate the diverse cell chemistries employed by various battery manufacturers is of paramount importance.